Accepted 23 October 2018 B.
Salinity of Ocean Water (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here, Check BYJU’S Free IAS Preparation for more strategy articles and news on UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam, Your email address will not be published. By weight these ions make up about 99 percent of all sea salts.
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0000005648 00000 n It is generally expressed as ‘parts per thousand’ (ppt).
0000001349 00000 n Seawater also contains various dissolved atmospheric gases, chiefly nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide.
Salinity is an essential quantity to calculate many of the physical properties of oceans, but it is also a quantity hard to define considering the complexity of this material in its bio-geo-chemical composition and the imperfections of the existing measurement techniques. stream 11 0 obj <<
RIS. The six most abundant ions of seawater are chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na+), sulfate (SO24−), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), and potassium (K+).
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The opposing influences of physical mixing and of biogeochemical input and removal mechanisms result in a substantial variety of chemical distributions in the oceans.
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Ocean and River Instruments Division July 31, 2015 1 Seawater density 1) The calculation of the seawater density (ˆ[kg m 3]) is performed by the equation of state of seawater (UN- ESCO,1983), where temperature is represented by T [ C], pressure by P [dbar] and salinity by S, as shown >> Metrologia, Salinity, along with temperature, determines the density of seawater, and hence its vertical flow patterns in thermohaline circulation. Salinity, temperature, and density of water are interconnected. The density of seawater also is higher for the same reason. %PDF-1.4 %���� Salinity anomaly associated with local runoff δS Cl = S A − S Cl computed by means of (Eqs. 0000001327 00000 n In the Polar region, the surface salinity is influenced by the processes of freezing and melting of ice. For example, the molecular structure of seawater, like that of fresh water, favours the formation of bonds among molecules. A salinity of 24.7 % has been regarded as the upper limit to fix ‘brackish water’. Click here to close this overlay, or press the "Escape" key on your keyboard.
3 The BOD bottles were used to find the density of seawater, the equation to state was then applied, using density to determine the salinity. In this paper, measurements of the density of seawater on the Practical Salinity Scale (S) have been made from 273.15 to 315.15K and are compared to those calculated from the equation of state (Millero and Poisson, 1981). }�����W�^�|��ŋϟ?��.\�t�ʕ+���{������}�����?�|����ݻG�Y�re___EEE~~~BBBhh������������������������������������������\\\YYل V�^}��ї/_~��a߾}˖-�. • Salinity is the amount of dissolved solids in seawater •Used for determining the density of seawater •Affects the freezing point of seawater •Affects the temperature of maximum density of seawater •Changes in salinity drive thermohaline circulation •Temperature and salinity characteristics fingerprint origin of water masses
By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. x�b��o�1�Uʷ�?n�n�r�V��+�Y��Sf�}��+#��S����`�g����>]iV�6���*s�m��Iҩ��� ��" �� ��*q endstream endobj 25 0 obj <> endobj 39 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 57 0 obj <> endobj 52 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 117 0 obj <>stream Salinity is calculated as the amount of salt dissolved in 1,000 gm of seawater. Export citation and abstract The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) was set up by the Metre Convention and has its headquarters near Paris, France. 2. /Length 4581 /Filter /FlateDecode Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. D. Water expands as it changes from liquid to ice, which decreases its density, and this is why ice floats. %PDF-1.4
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