The Labrador Current, which flows south out of the Arctic Ocean along the coasts of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, is famous for moving icebergs into shipping lanes in the North Atlantic. The Gulf Stream, for example, is a warm current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and moves north toward Europe. Because water is dense, it carries an enormous amount of energy that could possibly be captured and converted into a usable form through the use of water turbines. When this cold current is normally present off the coast of Chile and Peru, it creates extremely productive waters and keeps the coast cool and northern Chile arid. Currents normally move in a specific direction and aid significantly in the circulation of the Earth’s moisture, the resultant weather, and water pollution. Coriolis Forces. Today, shipping companies and even sailing races often use currents to reduce time spent at sea. In addition to being able to avoid trash and icebergs, knowledge of currents is essential to the reduction of shipping costs and fuel consumption. They can be either surface or deep water. An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of sea water generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences. Some of the more prominent currents include the California and Humboldt Currents in the Pacific, the Gulf Stream and Labrador Current in the Atlantic, and the Indian Monsoon Current in the Indian Ocean. Currents may also be caused by density differences in water masses due to temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) variations via a process known as thermohaline circulation. Like surface currents, gravity plays a role in the creation of deep water currents but these are mainly caused by density differences in the water. Warm water holds less salt than cold water so it is less dense and rises toward the surface while cold, salt-laden water sinks. She holds an M.A. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Convection Currents in Science, What They Are and How They Work, Life in the Mesopelagic Zone of the Ocean, Ocean Waves: Energy, Movement, and the Coast, Salinity: Definition and Importance to Marine Life. This can be man-made which is significant to the formation of trash islands or natural such as icebergs. In addition to their varying size and strength, ocean currents differ in type. Water movements driven by differences in density are also known as thermohaline circulation because water density depends on its temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). Like surface currents, gravity plays a role in the creation of deep water currents but these are mainly caused by density differences in the water. Deep ocean currents are caused by 3 things:change in temperaturechange in salinity by evaporationchange in salinity by freezingBecause colder water and saltier water … These are just a sampling of the seventeen major surface currents found in the world’s oceans. Thermohaline circulation is known as the Global Conveyor Belt because its circulation of warm and cold water acts as a submarine river and moves water throughout the ocean.
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