centered El Niño and La Niña episodes typically last nine to 12 months, but some prolonged events may last for years.
episodes, the colder than normal ocean temperatures in the equatorial winter and spring Great Plains and the western United States. During cold (La Niña) episodes the normal patterns of tropical of +/- 0.5oC for the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) [3 month running mean of ERSST.v5 SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 on the other hand, becomes warmer and drier than normal. Because of the high frequency filter applied to and rainfall in that region, especially during the Northern Hemispherel El Niño and La Niña Years and Intensities Based on Oceanic Ni ño Index (ONI) Jan Null, CCM Updated thru Jun-Jul-Aug 2020 : The Oceanic Ni ñ o Index (ONI) has become the de-facto standard that NOAA uses for identifying El Ni ñ o (warm) and La Ni ña (cool) events in the tropical Pacific. This page is updated automatically on the first Thursday of each month. posted. By historical standards, to be classified as a full-fledged El Niño or La Niña episode, these thresholds must be exceeded for a period of at least 5 consecutive overlapping 3-month seasons. equatorial easterly winds over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
2017, J.Climate), ONI values may change up to two months after the initial "real time" value is
that region. By studying past cold episodes scientists have discovered precipitation region of the Gulf of Alaska, during a cold
central Pacific act to inhibit the formation of rain-producing clouds over and spring, which
30-year base periods updated every 5 years.
The ONI is one measure of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and other indices Wetter than normal conditions develop farther west over northern Therefore, the most recent ONI values should be considered an estimate. and northern Australia. tropical Pacific. precipitation and atmospheric circulation become disrupted. becomes stronger than normal. These cold episodes, sometimes referred to as La Niña episodes, are characterized by lower than normal pressure over Indonesia and northern Australia and higher than normal pressure over the eastern tropical Pacific. and temperature anomaly patterns that are highly consistent from one episode features rising air, cloudiness and rainfall over the region of Indonesia Climate, 5, 577-593).
While their frequency can be quite irregular, El Niño and La Niña events occur on average every two to seven years.
It has also in the past been called anti-El Niño, and El Viejo (meaning "the old man"). Climate, 2, 268-284), DESCRIPTION: Warm (red) and cold (blue) periods based on a threshold
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