25.8), and salinity of ocean water (fig. It increases to 350/00between 150-200 latitudes in the northern hemisphere but it becomes still higher (360/00) in the southern Pacific Ocean between the same latitudes. On the other hand, this zone, representing rapid change of salinity (decrease in sea water salinity with increasing depth in low latitudes, and increase in sea water salinity with increasing depth in high latitudes) is known as halocline (fig.
Low salinity is noted infront of river mouths (Yellow River = 300/00, and Yangtzekiang = 330/00). The density of ocean water is not the same throughout and there are sharply defined boundaries between water masses which form at the surface of the ocean. 4. On the other hand, the Arabian Sea records higher salinity (360/00) than the Bay of Bengal because there is higher rate of evaporation due to relatively less humid conditions and low influx of freshwater as compared to the Bay of Bengal. This signature tells us that the surface waters of the North Pacific is where most upwelling occurs. Warm seawater floats and cold (4° C), dense (1 g/cm3), seawater sinks, so ocean temperatures also vary across the surface and into the depths. According to Wust oceanic salinity is affected mainly by three factors viz. Table 26.2 presents latitude- wise distribution of oceanic salinity in both the hemispheres. 101+ Ways | Join our Group | Donate | Shop, Symbionts, Parasites, Hosts & Cooperation, The Structures & Adaptations to Marine Living, Marine Science/Ocean Life Related Journals, Marine Biology Laboratories, Institutes & Graduate Programs, Worldwide Aquariums and Marine Life Centers, Frontline Marine Conservation/Science Support, On the Shoulders of Giants Men's Athletic Shirt, THE BANDA ARC, Life in Alor and the Banda Sea (4k), Trying to Make Sense of This Overwhelming World.
The brine drips down slowly through the honeycomb matrix and sinks to the sea bottom, flowing downhill through the bottom topography like a stream in the ocean to fill up the polar sea basins. This is why the Baltic Sea records comparatively lower salinity than the North Sea though the latitudinal extent of both the seas is the same. In an ironic twist of fate, the chemical processes (the rate at which new inorganic nutrients are made available) take over the biological processes (rates of photosynthesis).
Sea water has about 3.5% salt making it denser than fresh water. Salinity is a measure of how much salt there is in water. Geological processes such as the weathering of rocks are also involved as the ultimate source of all the nutrients in the sea, and thus, geology affects biology. Plagiarism Prevention 5. (iii) Salinity varies due to mixing of water of different character. This biological process known as phytoplankton photosynthesis affects a chemical process which is the concentration of inorganic nutrients. The influx of fresh water brought by the river into the lakes and inland seas also lowers down the salinity. These currents resurface in the northeast Pacific Ocean 1,200 years later. The variation in salinity is both horizontal and vertical (with depth). Have you ever wondered how dolphins evolved to conquer the world’s oceans and rivers? Salinity and density of seawater are positively correlated i.e. That mass would be the salt, which makes the mass of water greater, without adding much to its volume. Salinity and temperature affect the density of sea water. The approaching cool weather impacts primary production in the euphotic zone by cooling the surface water and bringing phytoplankton with nutrients to the creatures below. Seawater is cooled by the wind and the salinity of the water increases due to the salt fraction of the water being left behind when the ice forms. Evaporation, precipitation, influx of river water, prevailing winds, ocean currents and sea waves are significant controlling factors: There is direct positive relationship between the rate of evaporation and salinity e.g., greater the evaporation, higher the salinity and vice versa. The waters turn from blue to green as the increase in the number of phytoplankton dissolving inorganic nutrients causes an increase in chlorophyll biomass. Evaporation is controlled by salinity of the oceans. Winds also help in the redistribution of salt in the oceans and the seas as winds drive away saline water to less saline areas resulting into decrease of salinity in the former and increase in the latter. It may be mentioned that the highest salinity is seldom recorded near the equator though this zone records high temperature and evaporation but high rainfall reduces the relative proportion of salt. Evaporation due to high temperature with low humidity (dry condition) causes more concentration of salt and overall salinity becomes higher. About 90% of sea salt is sodium chloride or table salt. Prohibited Content 3. As density increases, the amount of salts in the water—also known as salinity, increases.
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